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Bias in Recording History
English historians have often been guilty of emphasizing victories while giving little attention to defeats. The successes of Edward III and the Black Prince...
The Limits of Physical Courage
Physical courage—sheer bravery in battle—is a quality shared by all soldiers, not just kings and nobles. In fact, most male soldiers naturally possess this...
The Nature of Challenges in Medieval Warfare
In medieval Europe, sending a challenge for personal combat—called a cartel—was sometimes considered an appeal to heaven. It was a way to decide disputes...
Health Care Before the Revolution
Before the Socialist Revolution of 1944, medical care in Bulgaria was mostly inaccessible for the general population. The health system was underdeveloped, primary care...
Medical Education and Training in Bulgaria
The Academy of Medicine
All scientific and higher education institutes in Bulgaria are integrated into a single complex called the Academy of Medicine. This complex...
Social Care Services in Bulgaria
Social Home Patronage
In 49 settlements across Bulgaria, a program called Social Home Patronage has been organized. This program provides essential services for elderly people...
The Church of the Prophet Samuel at the Hebdomon
Another important sanctuary at the Hebdomon was the church built by Emperor Arcadius in the year 407 to house the reputed remains of the...
The Religious Importance of the Hebdomon
The Hebdomon enjoyed a great religious reputation because of the many churches that once stood within its boundaries. These sanctuaries made the suburb not...
The Palace of the Hebdomon and the Name Magnaura
During the seventh and eighth centuries, the palace of the Hebdomon appears in historical sources under a new name: Magnaura. This change in designation...
Where Were the Seven Miles Measured From?
There is very little room for disagreement about the point from which the seven miles of the Hebdomon were measured. The historical evidence allows...
